What is the purpose of file permissions in an operating system?

File permissions play a crucial role in maintaining the security and integrity of an operating system. They govern who can read, write, or execute a file, essentially defining access levels for different users. By carefully managing file permissions, an operating system prevents unauthorized access to sensitive data, ensuring that only designated users or processes can interact with particular files.

For instance, in a multi-user environment, one user may need to share certain files with others while keeping other files private. By setting appropriate permissions, the operating system allows the owner to specify who can access their files and how they can do so. This not only protects individual users' information but also secures the overall system against potential threats, such as data breaches or malware infections.

In summary, file permissions are integral for controlling access to files and play a critical part in maintaining a secure operating environment.