Which of the following best describes malware?

Malware refers to malicious software specifically created to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or devices. It encompasses a variety of harmful applications, such as viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware, all of which aim to exploit vulnerabilities for malicious purposes. This includes stealing sensitive information, corrupting data, or using a system’s resources for nefarious activities.

The other options describe software with legitimate and constructive purposes. For instance, software that manages hardware resources is essential for operating systems to interact effectively with hardware components. Similarly, software designed to optimize internet usage focuses on enhancing performance or managing bandwidth, while software aimed at improving database performance is crucial for efficient data handling and retrieval. These functionalities differ significantly from the harmful intent associated with malware.