Which solid-state storage technology allows a computer BIOS to be upgraded by flashing?

The correct answer is EEPROM, which stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. This type of memory can be reprogrammed and erased multiple times, making it particularly suitable for situations where firmware updates or BIOS upgrades are necessary. Flash memory is a type of EEPROM with faster speeds, but when it comes to specifically upgrading BIOS, EEPROM is the more traditional term used to describe the technology involved.

In many modern computers, the BIOS is stored in a form of EEPROM that can be easily updated by "flashing," which refers to the process of writing new firmware to the memory. This allows manufacturers to release updates that can enhance functionality or correct issues in the BIOS, ensuring that the system stays current with new requirements or security patches.

While SSD and Flash memory may be associated with firmware updates in general, they do not specifically refer to the firmware component used for BIOS flashing. RAM, on the other hand, is volatile memory used for temporary storage during computer operation and does not retain information after power is removed, making it unsuitable for any form of persistent firmware storage or upgrades.

Thus, EEPROM is the most appropriate answer because of its capability to retain and allow modification of BIOS firmware.